Chronic multisite brain recordings from a totally implantable bidirectional neural interface: experience in 5 patients with Parkinson’s disease. Placebo and opioid analgesia–imaging a shared neuronal network. Common and stimulus-type-specific brain representations of negative affect. Individual variability in brain representations of pain. Direct electrical stimulation of lateral orbitofrontal cortex acutely improves mood in individuals with symptoms of depression. Decoding subjective decisions from orbitofrontal cortex. Orbitofrontal cortex mediates pain inhibition by monetary reward. The somatic marker hypothesis and the possible functions of the prefrontal cortex.

The human orbitofrontal cortex: linking reward to hedonic experience. The functional neuroanatomy of the human orbitofrontal cortex: evidence from neuroimaging and neuropsychology. Long-term results of deep brain stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex for neuropathic pain. Pain affect encoded in human anterior cingulate but not somatosensory cortex. Activation of corticostriatal circuitry relieves chronic neuropathic pain.

A neuroimaging biomarker for sustained experimental and clinical pain. A pathway from midcingulate cortex to posterior insula gates nociceptive hypersensitivity. An amygdalar neural ensemble that encodes the unpleasantness of pain. Corticostriatal functional connectivity predicts transition to chronic back pain. Chronic pain and the emotional brain: specific brain activity associated with spontaneous fluctuations of intensity of chronic back pain. An fMRI-based neurologic signature of physical pain.

Pain-related neurons in the human cingulate cortex. Neural correlates of interindividual differences in the subjective experience of pain. Discovery and validation of biomarkers to aid the development of safe and effective pain therapeutics: challenges and opportunities. BEST (Biomarkers, EndpointS, and other Tools) Resource (FDA, 2016).ĭavis, K. Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016) įDA-NIH Biomarker Working Group. Thus, intracranial OFC signals can be used to predict spontaneous, chronic pain state in patients. Chronic pain decoding relied on sustained power changes from the OFC, which tended to differ from transient patterns of activity associated with acute, evoked pain states during a task. We successfully predicted intraindividual chronic pain severity scores from neural activity with high sensitivity using machine learning methods. Participants reported pain metrics coincident with ambulatory, direct neural recordings obtained multiple times daily over months. Here four individuals with refractory neuropathic pain were implanted with chronic intracranial electrodes in the anterior cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Also, which brain activity underlies chronic pain on clinically relevant timescales, or how this relates to acute pain, remains unclear. Pain severity is often measured through subjective report, while objective biomarkers that may guide diagnosis and treatment are lacking. Chronic pain syndromes are often refractory to treatment and cause substantial suffering and disability.

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